Māori Grammar
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All nouns in te reo Māori fit into one of two categories - the o and the a categories.
The following are in the a category:
food and drink (but not water)
children, grandchildren
emplees and suborindates (eg students)
man-man moveable objects (a pen, a book, etc)
pets (but not horses used for riding)
work
one's wife or husband (so long as the word toa is not used)
guests or visitors
The a/ocategories are used in simple possessives:
Te pukapua a te tane.
The man's book. (Literally: the book of the man.)
He kai a Rangi tēnei.
This is Rangi's food. (LIterally: the food of Rangi.
They are also used in t-class possessives:
He pukapuka tāku.
I have a book.
He āporo tāu.
You have an apple.
He pene tāna.
He or she has a pen.
He rorohiko tā māua.
The two of us (not you) have a computer.
He tamaiti tā tāua.
We have a child.
Kua oti tā māua mahi.
Our (two people, not your) work is done.
Kei te hīkoi tā kōrua tama.
Your (2 people) son is walking.
Ka kōrero tā rāua mokopuna.
Their (2 people) grandchild is talking.
Kua tae mai tā tātou manuhiri.
Our visitor has arrived.
He tāne tā mātou ngeru.
Our cat is a male.
I pai tā koutou waita.
Your (3+) singing was good.
He aha tā rātou mahi āpōpō?
What is their task tomorrow?
In the plural, the intial t is removed:
He pukapuka āku.
I have books.
He āporo āu.
You have apples.
He pene āna.
He or she has pens.
He rorohiko ā māua.
The two of us (not you) have computers.
He tamariki ā tāua.
We have children.
Kua oti ā māua mahi.
Our (two people, not your) work (plural) is done.
Kei te hīkoi ā kōrua tama.
Your (2 people) sons are walking.
Ka kōrero ā rāua mokopuna.
Their (2 people) grandchildren are talking.
Kua tae mai ā tātou manuhiri.
Our visitors have arrived.
He tāne ā mātou ngeru.
Our cats are male.
I pai ā koutou waita.
Your (3+) singing was good.
He aha ā rātou mahi āpōpō?
What are their tasks tomorrow?
The a/o catebories are also used with n-class possessives:
Nāku tērā waea pūkoro.
That's my mobile phone.
Nāu tēnei papakupu.
This dictionary belongs to you/is yours.
Nāna tēnei pene.
This pen is his/hers.
Nā tāua tēnei tamaiti.
This child is ours (you and me).
Nā māua tēnei mahi.
This work is ours (me and him/her, not you).
Nā kōrua tēnei āporo.
This apple is yours (you two).
Nā rāua tēnei pukapuka.
This book is theirs (those two).
Nā tātou ēnei kai.
These foods are ours (all of us).
Nā mātou ēnei pukapuka.
These books are ours (us, not you).
Nā koutou ēnei tamariki.
These children are yours (you all).
Nā rātou ēnei pene.
These pens are theirs.
It is also used in the m- class possessves:
Māku tēnei pukapuka.
This book will be mine / is for me.
Māu tērā kai.
That food will be yours / is for you.
Māna tēnei pene.
This pen will be his/hers / is for him/her.
Mā tāua tēnei tamaiti.
This child will be ours (you and me).
Mā māua tēnei mahi.
This work will be ours (me and him/her, not you).
Mā kōrua tēnei kai.
This food will be yours (you two).
Mā rāua tēnei pukapuka.
This book will be theirs (those two).
Mā tātou ēnei kai.
These foods will be ours (all of us).
Mā mātou ēnei pukapuka.
These books will be ours (us, not you).
Mā koutou ēnei tamariki.
These children will be yours (you all).
Mā rātou ēnei pene.
These pens will be theirs (they).
Ka tiaki te tākuta i āna tūoro.
The doctor looks after her patients.He mea whakamīharo te pikinga a Tā Edmund Hillary i Everest.
Sir Edmund Hillary's climbing of Everest was a noteworthy achievement.Na wai ēnei kūkū?
Whose mussels are these?Kei te kura ā raua tamariki.
Their children are at school.Kua kite mātou i āu kupu i roto i tēnei reta āu.
We have seen your words in this letter of yours.He wātakirihi tā Aroha?
Does Aroha have any watercress?He wātakirihi tā Nikau.
Nikau has watercress?Ko Aotearoa to ika a Māui.
Aotearoa is Māui's fish.He karaka tā māua hunaonga.
Our daughter-in-law is a clerk.Whakapuakina ā koutou pukepuka, tamariki nā!
Open your books, children!He whero te tarakihana a Tame.
Tame's tractor is red.He pūtea ā ngā tamariki.
The children have money.Kāore tā mātou ngeru i te tatari ki tāna kai.
Our cat is not waiting for his food.He kino tāna kōrero.
What he says is bad.Ka nui āku mihi ki a koutou.
I greet your warmly.He kiore te mōkai a tāku tamāhine.
My daughter's pet is a rat.Ko ia te tamaiti kēkē a Amaru and Mia,
She is the niece of Amaru and Mia.Ka kite mātou i tāna kāhui kuihi.
We saw his flock of geese.Ka riri ngā tāngata i te whaikōrero a te taitama.
The people were angry with the young man's speech.Kei hea āna kapu e huna ana, me āna pereto hoki?
Where are your cups hiding, and her plates?Kua whati te kakau o tāku kō.
The handle of my spade has snapped.He aha ngā kai a te iwi o Inia?
What do Indian people eat?He tino ora tā rāua pāmu.
Their farm is very productive.Ko Pani te wahine a Hata.
Pani is Hata's wife.Ka piki ā rāua tamariki i te maunga āpōpō.
Their children will climb the mountain tomorrow.Homai tētahi o āu tiakarete, e Koro!
Give me one of your chocolates, Grandad!Nāku, nāu rānei?
is this mine or yours?Ma āku mokopuna tēnei manu.
This kite is for my grandchildren.Nāu tēnei pēke nē?
This is your bag eh?I te tuatahi, kāore te wahine i mahara ki tāna mātāmua.
AT first, the woman did not recognise her first-born.Manaakitia āu tauira!
Look after your students!He pātai ā kōrua?
Do you two have any questions?Kāore anō tā rātou kurī kia hoki mai i te pāmu.
Their dog has not yet returned from the farm.Nāu tēnei papakupu.
This dictionary belongs to you/is yours.Ngā mihi ki a koutou mo ā koutou toa ki te hī ika!
Compliments to you on your fishing skills!Kainga tāu parakuihi!
Eat your breakfast!Ka pai ā mātou kaimahi katoa.
All our workers are doing well.Me whakarongo koutou ki tā tātou tohutohu.
You had better listen to our instructions.Ko Pere te ingoa o tā rāua ngeru.
Their cat's name is Pere.He kai ā kōrua.
You two have food.I moe tā tāua pēpi i te moenga o tā rāua pēpi.
Our baby slept in their baby's bed.He taumaha rawa atu te pēke a Mia.
Mia's pack is very heavy.He pūtea ā ngā tamariki?
Do the children have any money?Ma wai tāku karanga e rongo?
Who will hear by speech?Homai tāu pēpi, e Mei!
Pass me your baby, Mei!Ka pai ia ki tāna pāi.
He likes his beer.Nāku tēnei maika, nāu tēnei ārani, nāna tērā tōtiti.
This banana is mine, this orange is yours, that sausage is his.Rua rau taara tāna utu.
His pay is two hundred dollars.Ko Hata tāna tāne.
Hata is her husband.He kai ā kōrua?
Do you two have any food?Kua pau āku moni.
My money has run out.Manaakittia ngā mahi a ngā tīpuna.
Respect the work of the ancestors.He pātai tā koutou?
Do you have a question?