Māori Grammar
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All nouns in te reo Māori fit into one of two categories - the o and the a categories.
The following are in the a category:
food and drink (but not water)
children, grandchildren
emplees and suborindates (eg students)
man-man moveable objects (a pen, a book, etc)
pets (but not horses used for riding)
work
one's wife or husband (so long as the word toa is not used)
guests or visitors
The a/ocategories are used in simple possessives:
Te pukapua a te tane.
The man's book. (Literally: the book of the man.)
He kai a Rangi tēnei.
This is Rangi's food. (LIterally: the food of Rangi.
They are also used in t-class possessives:
He pukapuka tāku.
I have a book.
He āporo tāu.
You have an apple.
He pene tāna.
He or she has a pen.
He rorohiko tā māua.
The two of us (not you) have a computer.
He tamaiti tā tāua.
We have a child.
Kua oti tā māua mahi.
Our (two people, not your) work is done.
Kei te hīkoi tā kōrua tama.
Your (2 people) son is walking.
Ka kōrero tā rāua mokopuna.
Their (2 people) grandchild is talking.
Kua tae mai tā tātou manuhiri.
Our visitor has arrived.
He tāne tā mātou ngeru.
Our cat is a male.
I pai tā koutou waita.
Your (3+) singing was good.
He aha tā rātou mahi āpōpō?
What is their task tomorrow?
In the plural, the intial t is removed:
He pukapuka āku.
I have books.
He āporo āu.
You have apples.
He pene āna.
He or she has pens.
He rorohiko ā māua.
The two of us (not you) have computers.
He tamariki ā tāua.
We have children.
Kua oti ā māua mahi.
Our (two people, not your) work (plural) is done.
Kei te hīkoi ā kōrua tama.
Your (2 people) sons are walking.
Ka kōrero ā rāua mokopuna.
Their (2 people) grandchildren are talking.
Kua tae mai ā tātou manuhiri.
Our visitors have arrived.
He tāne ā mātou ngeru.
Our cats are male.
I pai ā koutou waita.
Your (3+) singing was good.
He aha ā rātou mahi āpōpō?
What are their tasks tomorrow?
The a/o catebories are also used with n-class possessives:
Nāku tērā waea pūkoro.
That's my mobile phone.
Nāu tēnei papakupu.
This dictionary belongs to you/is yours.
Nāna tēnei pene.
This pen is his/hers.
Nā tāua tēnei tamaiti.
This child is ours (you and me).
Nā māua tēnei mahi.
This work is ours (me and him/her, not you).
Nā kōrua tēnei āporo.
This apple is yours (you two).
Nā rāua tēnei pukapuka.
This book is theirs (those two).
Nā tātou ēnei kai.
These foods are ours (all of us).
Nā mātou ēnei pukapuka.
These books are ours (us, not you).
Nā koutou ēnei tamariki.
These children are yours (you all).
Nā rātou ēnei pene.
These pens are theirs.
It is also used in the m- class possessves:
Māku tēnei pukapuka.
This book will be mine / is for me.
Māu tērā kai.
That food will be yours / is for you.
Māna tēnei pene.
This pen will be his/hers / is for him/her.
Mā tāua tēnei tamaiti.
This child will be ours (you and me).
Mā māua tēnei mahi.
This work will be ours (me and him/her, not you).
Mā kōrua tēnei kai.
This food will be yours (you two).
Mā rāua tēnei pukapuka.
This book will be theirs (those two).
Mā tātou ēnei kai.
These foods will be ours (all of us).
Mā mātou ēnei pukapuka.
These books will be ours (us, not you).
Mā koutou ēnei tamariki.
These children will be yours (you all).
Mā rātou ēnei pene.
These pens will be theirs (they).
Manaakittia ngā mahi a ngā tīpuna.
Respect the work of the ancestors.Ka pai ia ki tāna pāi.
He likes his beer.Kāore tā mātou ngeru i te tatari ki tāna kai.
Our cat is not waiting for his food.Kua whati te kakau o tāku kō.
The handle of my spade has snapped.Na wai ēnei kūkū?
Whose mussels are these?Nāu tēnei papakupu.
This dictionary belongs to you/is yours.Rua rau taara tāna utu.
His pay is two hundred dollars.He kai ā kōrua.
You two have food.He tino ora tā rāua pāmu.
Their farm is very productive.He pūtea ā ngā tamariki.
The children have money.Homai tētahi o āu tiakarete, e Koro!
Give me one of your chocolates, Grandad!Kua pau āku moni.
My money has run out.Ngā mihi ki a koutou mo ā koutou toa ki te hī ika!
Compliments to you on your fishing skills!Nāu tēnei pēke nē?
This is your bag eh?He kai tā ngā tuna.
The eels have food.Kei hea āna kapu e huna ana, me āna pereto hoki?
Where are your cups hiding, and her plates?Manaakitia āu tauira!
Look after your students!He kino tāna kōrero.
What he says is bad.He pātai tā koutou?
Do you have a question?I moe tā tāua pēpi i te moenga o tā rāua pēpi.
Our baby slept in their baby's bed.He karaka tā māua hunaonga.
Our daughter-in-law is a clerk.He pūtea ā ngā tamariki?
Do the children have any money?He pātai tā kōrua?
Do you two have a question?He taumaha rawa atu te pēke a Pāora.
Pāora's pack is very heavy.Nāku, nāu rānei?
is this mine or yours?He kai ā kōrua?
Do you two have any food?He wātakirihi tā Rangi?
Does Rangi have any watercress?Me whakarongo koutou ki tā tātou tohutohu.
You had better listen to our instructions.Ma wai tāku karanga e rongo?
Who will hear by speech?He wātakirihi tā Kauri.
Kauri has watercress?He mea whakamīharo te pikinga a Tā Edmund Hillary i Everest.
Sir Edmund Hillary's climbing of Everest was a noteworthy achievement.Ka piki ā rāua tamariki i te maunga āpōpō.
Their children will climb the mountain tomorrow.Whakapuakina ā koutou pukepuka, tamariki nā!
Open your books, children!He aha ngā kai a te iwi o Inia?
What do Indian people eat?He kiore te mōkai a tāku tamāhine.
My daughter's pet is a rat.Kāore anō tā rātou kurī kia hoki mai i te pāmu.
Their dog has not yet returned from the farm.Ko Hata tāna tāne.
Hata is her husband.Ka tiaki te tākuta i āna tūoro.
The doctor looks after her patients.Ko Aotearoa to ika a Māui.
Aotearoa is Māui's fish.Ka nui āku mihi ki a koutou.
I greet your warmly.Ko ia te tamaiti kēkē a Pāora and Ataahua,
She is the niece of Pāora and Ataahua.Homai tāu pēpi, e Mei!
Pass me your baby, Mei!Kua kite mātou i āu kupu i roto i tēnei reta āu.
We have seen your words in this letter of yours.Ka riri ngā tāngata i te whaikōrero a te taitama.
The people were angry with the young man's speech.Ko Pani te wahine a Hata.
Pani is Hata's wife.Ka kite mātou i tāna kāhui kuihi.
We saw his flock of geese.Ma āku mokopuna tēnei manu.
This kite is for my grandchildren.He pātai ā kōrua?
Do you two have any questions?He whero te tarakihana a Pita.
Pita's tractor is red.Nāku tēnei maika, nāu tēnei ārani, nāna tērā tōtiti.
This banana is mine, this orange is yours, that sausage is his.I te tuatahi, kāore te wahine i mahara ki tāna mātāmua.
AT first, the woman did not recognise her first-born.Ko Pere te ingoa o tā rāua ngeru.
Their cat's name is Pere.Ka pai ā mātou kaimahi katoa.
All our workers are doing well.