Māori Grammar
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All nouns in te reo Māori fit into one of two categories - the o and the a categories.
The following are in the a category:
food and drink (but not water)
children, grandchildren
emplees and suborindates (eg students)
man-man moveable objects (a pen, a book, etc)
pets (but not horses used for riding)
work
one's wife or husband (so long as the word toa is not used)
guests or visitors
The a/ocategories are used in simple possessives:
Te pukapua a te tane.
The man's book. (Literally: the book of the man.)
He kai a Rangi tēnei.
This is Rangi's food. (LIterally: the food of Rangi.
They are also used in t-class possessives:
He pukapuka tāku.
I have a book.
He āporo tāu.
You have an apple.
He pene tāna.
He or she has a pen.
He rorohiko tā māua.
The two of us (not you) have a computer.
He tamaiti tā tāua.
We have a child.
Kua oti tā māua mahi.
Our (two people, not your) work is done.
Kei te hīkoi tā kōrua tama.
Your (2 people) son is walking.
Ka kōrero tā rāua mokopuna.
Their (2 people) grandchild is talking.
Kua tae mai tā tātou manuhiri.
Our visitor has arrived.
He tāne tā mātou ngeru.
Our cat is a male.
I pai tā koutou waita.
Your (3+) singing was good.
He aha tā rātou mahi āpōpō?
What is their task tomorrow?
In the plural, the intial t is removed:
He pukapuka āku.
I have books.
He āporo āu.
You have apples.
He pene āna.
He or she has pens.
He rorohiko ā māua.
The two of us (not you) have computers.
He tamariki ā tāua.
We have children.
Kua oti ā māua mahi.
Our (two people, not your) work (plural) is done.
Kei te hīkoi ā kōrua tama.
Your (2 people) sons are walking.
Ka kōrero ā rāua mokopuna.
Their (2 people) grandchildren are talking.
Kua tae mai ā tātou manuhiri.
Our visitors have arrived.
He tāne ā mātou ngeru.
Our cats are male.
I pai ā koutou waita.
Your (3+) singing was good.
He aha ā rātou mahi āpōpō?
What are their tasks tomorrow?
The a/o catebories are also used with n-class possessives:
Nāku tērā waea pūkoro.
That's my mobile phone.
Nāu tēnei papakupu.
This dictionary belongs to you/is yours.
Nāna tēnei pene.
This pen is his/hers.
Nā tāua tēnei tamaiti.
This child is ours (you and me).
Nā māua tēnei mahi.
This work is ours (me and him/her, not you).
Nā kōrua tēnei āporo.
This apple is yours (you two).
Nā rāua tēnei pukapuka.
This book is theirs (those two).
Nā tātou ēnei kai.
These foods are ours (all of us).
Nā mātou ēnei pukapuka.
These books are ours (us, not you).
Nā koutou ēnei tamariki.
These children are yours (you all).
Nā rātou ēnei pene.
These pens are theirs.
It is also used in the m- class possessves:
Māku tēnei pukapuka.
This book will be mine / is for me.
Māu tērā kai.
That food will be yours / is for you.
Māna tēnei pene.
This pen will be his/hers / is for him/her.
Mā tāua tēnei tamaiti.
This child will be ours (you and me).
Mā māua tēnei mahi.
This work will be ours (me and him/her, not you).
Mā kōrua tēnei kai.
This food will be yours (you two).
Mā rāua tēnei pukapuka.
This book will be theirs (those two).
Mā tātou ēnei kai.
These foods will be ours (all of us).
Mā mātou ēnei pukapuka.
These books will be ours (us, not you).
Mā koutou ēnei tamariki.
These children will be yours (you all).
Mā rātou ēnei pene.
These pens will be theirs (they).
Rua rau taara tāna utu.
His pay is two hundred dollars.He kai ā kōrua.
You two have food.He pātai tā kōrua?
Do you two have a question?He wātakirihi tā Tame?
Does Tame have any watercress?Nāu tēnei pēke nē?
This is your bag eh?He kai ā kōrua?
Do you two have any food?Ngā mihi ki a koutou mo ā koutou toa ki te hī ika!
Compliments to you on your fishing skills!Ka pai ia ki tāna pāi.
He likes his beer.He pātai tā koutou?
Do you have a question?Kāore anō tā rātou kurī kia hoki mai i te pāmu.
Their dog has not yet returned from the farm.He kai tā ngā tuna.
The eels have food.Manaakittia ngā mahi a ngā tīpuna.
Respect the work of the ancestors.Nāku tēnei maika, nāu tēnei ārani, nāna tērā tōtiti.
This banana is mine, this orange is yours, that sausage is his.Ka piki ā rāua tamariki i te maunga āpōpō.
Their children will climb the mountain tomorrow.He taumaha rawa atu te pēke a Pita.
Pita's pack is very heavy.Ko ia te tamaiti kēkē a Hēmi and Ataahua,
She is the niece of Hēmi and Ataahua.Kei te kura ā raua tamariki.
Their children are at school.Ko Aotearoa to ika a Māui.
Aotearoa is Māui's fish.He whero te tarakihana a Ari.
Ari's tractor is red.Kei hea āna kapu e huna ana, me āna pereto hoki?
Where are your cups hiding, and her plates?He wātakirihi tā Tawa.
Tawa has watercress?Ka riri ngā tāngata i te whaikōrero a te taitama.
The people were angry with the young man's speech.Manaakitia āu tauira!
Look after your students!Ka tiaki te tākuta i āna tūoro.
The doctor looks after her patients.Whakapuakina ā koutou pukepuka, tamariki nā!
Open your books, children!He pūtea ā ngā tamariki?
Do the children have any money?He pūtea ā ngā tamariki.
The children have money.Na wai ēnei kūkū?
Whose mussels are these?Ka kite mātou i tāna kāhui kuihi.
We saw his flock of geese.Nāku, nāu rānei?
is this mine or yours?I moe tā tāua pēpi i te moenga o tā rāua pēpi.
Our baby slept in their baby's bed.