Māori Grammar

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The cake was eaten by me

passive sentences

There are often two ways we can say the same thing: "I am reading a book" and "the book is being read by me". The first way, known as an "active" sentence, says that someone is doing something. The second, called a "passive" sentence, says that something is being done to something. In this case, the book is being read. There are many sentences that can be said in a passive way: "The milk was drunk by the children", "the fire was lit by the man", "the cake was baked by the Gran". 

Te reo Māori often uses a passive sentence structure. In fact, a general rule of thumb is that if you can say something using a passive sentence then it is preferable to do so. For example, it is better, in te reo, to say: "The work was done by me" rather than "I did the work".

A passive sentence is created by adding a passive ending to a verb. For example, the word for "love" is aroha, but the word for "to be loved" is arohaina. The -ina ending (or "suffix) makes the word passive.

There are quite a few passive endings:

-a, -hanga, - hia, -hina, -ina, -kia, -kina, -mia, -na, -nga, -ngia, -ria, -rina, -tia, -whia, -whina and -ea

There is no apparent rule as to which ending a word might take, and so these have to be learned. For example:

arohaina - to be loved
kainga - to be eaten
kōrerotia - to be spoken

Occasionally, the word itself may change slightly. For example:

titiro - to see
tirohia - to be seen

tuhituhi - to write
tuhia - to be written

We might have expected titirohoa or tuhituhitia, but where a syllable is duplicated in the word (ti-ti-ro, tuhi-tuhi) then the duplication is dropped.

The following are passive endings:

-a
-na
-ngā
-kia
-mia
-ria
-whia
-ina
-whina
-ā
-ia
-tia
-hia
-ngia

Can only be used with kei te, e... ana, ka, i, i te and kua. (Can't be used with me, hei, homai, hoatu)

-tia, -hia and -ngia are interchangeable. 

Passive sentences do not have i or ki before the subject:

Kei te whakatika i te waka.
The car is being fixed.

But:

Kei te whakatikaina te waka.
The car is being fixed.

(No i before te waka.)

I pōwhitritia e mātou.
They were welcomed by us.

I pōwhitritia mātou.
We were welcomed.

The particle e indicates who did the action, and can change the meaning of a sentence:

I patu au.
I hit.

I patua e au.
It was hit by me.

I patua au.
I was hit.

 

See also:

• The pseudo-passive - he mea...

Ka whakatauria te kēmu e te kaiwawao.
The game will be decided by the referee.

Kei te topea te rākau e ia.
The tree was felled (by him).

Kua tapahia te pātītī e au.
The grass has been cut by me.

Kua waiatatia te waiata e ngā tauira.
The song was sung by the students.

Kei te karangatia te ope e te wahine.
The group is being called by the woman.

Ka pūhia e ia te manu.
The bird was shot by him.

I hiroia e Tawa ngā pereti.
The dishes were washed by Tawa.

I hopukia tēnei manu.
This bird was caught.

I herua ōku makawe.
My hair was combed.

I mahia e ia he taonga wheua mō te rau tāra.
He made a bone pendant worth one hundred dollars.

I nukuhia e au ngā ahi wera mai i ngā kōhatu ki te pouaka ki tōku hawera.
The hot ashes were moved by me from the stones to the box with my shovel.

I ngā rā o mua, kāore tēnei mahi e mahia ana e ngā Māori o Te Kaha.
Formerly, this activity was not performed by the Māori people of Te Kaha.

Kei te waiatahia e mātou.
It is being sung by us.

I āta wāhia te wini e Niko.
Niko broke the window deliberately.

Kua tapahia te pātītī e au.
The grass was cut by me.

Kua tapahia te pātītī e au.
The grass has been cut by me.

Kei te whakatikangia tōku waka e taku pāpā.
My car is being fixed by my father.

Kua mahia e Ataahua he kapu tī mā rātou.
Ataahua has made them a cup of tea.

I kainga te keke e Mere.
The cake was eaten by Mere.

Kotahi te poaka e pūhia ana a te Mane.
One pig will be shot on Monday.

E tapatapahia ana ngā aniana e ia.
The onions are being diced by him.

I patua te rango e te tangata.
The fly was hit by the man.

Kua tākarohia e mātou ngā kēmu e rua.
We've played the two games.

I rurukutia ngā hokonga e ia.
The purchases were wrapped by him.

Ka arohaina te iwi e Te Atua.
The people will be looked after by God.

Kei te tangohia ōna hū e Makere.
Her shoes are being removed by Makere.

Kua mahia te mahi e ngā tamariki.
The work was done by the children.

Ka mahia he waka mō tekau tāngata,.
A ten-man canoe was made.

E takahia ana te whenua e ngā waewae o ngā manuhiri.
The ground is trodden on by the feet of the visitors.

Ka whakatikahia te whare e ngā kaimahi.
The house will be fixed by the workers.

I patua te kurī e te tamaiti.
The dog was hit by the child.

Kei te tahia te papa e ia.
The floor is being swept by him/her.

Kei whaia koe e te kurī.
You might get chased by the dog.

Tokohia ngā tāngata i tae atu ki reira?
How many people arrived there?

Kua inumia ā tātou waireka e ngā pakeke.
Our soft drinks have been drunk by the adults.

He tūranga motuhake tō te reo Māori i waenganui i ngā reo e kōrerotia ana i Aotearoa nei.
Māori has a special position amongst the languages spoken here in Aotearoa.

Kei te arohaina te tamaiti e tōna whaea.
The child is loved by his mother.

I whāngaihia ia e ōna kaumātua.
She was adopted her grandparents.

E waiatatia ana ngā waiata e ngā tauira.
The songs are being sung by the students.

Kāhore tēnei kete i rarangatia ki te raupō.
This kit was not woven out of bulrushes.

Tapaia tonutia atu taua maunga nei ko Tirirau.
That mountain is still called Tihirua.

Kua whakarekatia te inu.
The drink has been sweetened.

Kei te whakaaronga ia.
He is being thought about.

I huakina te kūwaha e te kōtiro.
The door was opened by the girl.

Kei te wetekia a Tame e tona hoa.
Tame is being untied by his friend.

Ka patua te ngeru e te kurī.
The cat will be attacked by the dog.

Kua hokona ngā hū e Hōne.
The shoes were bought by Hōne.

I wepu mātou.
We thrashed them.

Kei te tāia te pepa e te kaituhi.
The paper is being printed by the author.

E waiatatia ana ngā waiata e ngā tauira.
The songs are being sung by the students.

Ka whakapaingia te papa e ngā tamariki.
The floor will be cleaned by the children.

I te ngahuru i hauhaketia e rātou ngā riwai.
In the autumn, they harvested potatoes.

I ngaua te tangata e to kurī.
The man was bitten by the dog.

Kua whakakopaina ngā pūhera e ngā kaihoko.
The parcels have been wrapped by the shop assistants.

I taiāwhiotia te whare i te ture.
The house was surrounded by the police.

I horoia tōna waka e Pita.
His car was washed by Peter.

I whakatūngia ahau e te pirihimana.
I was stopped by the police officer.

Ka horoia ngā kākahu mā e ia.
The white clothes will be washed by him.

I patua au.
I was hit.

I kainga katoatia te kai.
The food was all eaten up.

I pēhia rawatia ngā wāhine.
The women were severely oppressed.

I mātakitakitua e au tērā hōtaka i tētrā wikil.
That programme was watched by me last week.

Ke tukuna e Wairangi tana taurekareka ki a Pare-whete.
His servant was sent by Wairangi to Para-whete.

Kua kōrerohia e ia tēnei pukapuka.
He has read this book right through.

I tuhia tētahi reta e ia ki tōna hoa.
The letter was written by her to her sweetheart.

Kua pāngia taua wahine e te mate.
That woman has been touched by sickness.

Mehemea ki te kore e matu tō makamaka i te pāore, ka tangohia e au.
If you don't stop playing with the ball, I'll take it away.

Kua tuhia te reta e Hine.
The letter has been written by Hine.

I whakaakona ngā tamariki e te kaiako.
The children were taught by the teacher.

Kua kikia te pāora e Hera to Mia.
The ball was kicked by Hera to Mia.

Nōnahea rātou i pōwhiritia ai?
When were they welcomed?

Kei te riro te mōhiohio e te pirihimana.
The information is being received by the policeman.

Kei te ahatia koe?
What is happening to you?

I topea te rākau e Rōpata.
The tree was cut by Bob.

Nō muri tata mai ka whakamihia ia mō āna mahi.
Shortly afterwards she was acknowledged for what she'd done.

I pokea au e te mahi!
I am overwhelmed by the work!

Haria ngā kākahu ki waho kia whitia ai e te rā.
Take the clothes outside so that they can be shone on by the sun

I herua ōku makawe e tōku hoa.
My hair was combed by my friend.

Kei te awhitia te pēpi e tōna māmā.
The girl is being hugged by her mother.

Ka karapotia te pā o Mātakiora.
The pā of Mōtakiora was surrounded.

I patua e au.
It was hit by me.

Kei te tunua te kai ki te ahi.
The food is being cooked by fire.

Kei te kōrertia au.
I am being spoken about.

I mihia e ahau.
They were acknowledged by me.

I hoea te waka e ngā manuhiri ki te motu.
The boat was paddled by the guests to the island.

Ka hokona te taonga e koe.
The gift will be bought by you.

Ka tunua te keke.
The cake will be cooked.

Ka whāngaitia ringaringatia hoki a Ruataupare e tētehai tohunga.
Ruataupare was also fed by hand by a tohunga.

Ka kimihia tētahi tikanga, e kitea ai he moni.
A plan will be sought whereby money will be found.

I wepua mātou.
We were thrashed.

I te mutunga iho, ka whakaaetia e te katoa.
In the end, it was agreed to unanimously.

Kia tae atu tātou ki Te Tairāwhitio, ka pōhiritia tātou.
When we get to the East Coast we will be welcomed.

Ka tuwherahia te tatau e te kaiako.
The door will be opened by the teacher.

Ka horoia ngā kākahu mā e ia.
The white clothes will be washed by him.

Kawea tētehi puka iti ki ngā wāhi kei reira te reo Māori e kōrerohia ana, tuhia ngā kupu me ngā kīanga ka rangona.
Bring a small book with you to the places where the Māori language is spoken, write down the words and phrases that are heard.

I hokona ngā ika e ia.
The fish were bought by him.

Kei te tākarohia te pōro e ngā tamariki.
The ball is being played with by the children.

E inumia ana te miraka e te ngeru.
The milk is being drunk by the cat.

Kua tirohia ngā tāonga e ngā tauira.
The treasures have been looked at by the students.

Ka tangihia ngā mate e tātou.
The deceased will be bereaved by us.

Ka mea atu ia ki a Mea kia meatia ngā mea katoa ki mea wāhi.
She told so-and-so to put all the things in such-and-such a place.

Kei te kōrerohia te kaupapa e te kaiako.
The topic is being discussed by the teacher.

Kei te whakaaro ia.
He is thinking.

Kua inumia ā tātou waireka.
Our fizzy drinks have all been drunk.

I tāia ia e te moe.
He was overcome by sleep.

I utaina e au ngā kai ki roto i te torore.
The food was loaded into the trolley by me.

I kainga katoatia te hākari.
The feast was all eaten up.

Kitea rawatia ake rāua i runga i te maunga.
They were finally seen on the mountain.

Kua patua ahau.
I have been hit.

I kōrerohia te pūrākau ki te reo Māori.
They story was told in the Māori language.

I āwhinatia rātou e mātou ko aku tēina.
They were helped by me and my younger siblings.

Ka horoia ngā rīhi e ngā tama ā te pō nei.
The dishes will be washed by the boys tonight.

Kei te kōrerotia ia e te kuramāhita.
She is being spoken to by the headmaster.

I hokona ngā rare rā e ia i taina hi.
Those lollies were purchased by her yesterday.

I huakina e te kōtiro te kūwaha.
The door was opened by the girl.

Ki te kitea noatia e tētahi tangata mea...
If someone just sees something...

Kua kimihia e ia āna kī i ngā wāhi katoa.
He has searched everywhere for his keys. (Literally, his keys have been searched for everywhere.).

Kei te kimihia he whare mō te kura.
A house is being sought for the school.

I tīkina te māripi e ia, kātahi ka tapahi ia i te pāua.
He fetched the knife, then he chopped the pāua.

Ka rāhuitia ēnei tauranga ika mā Ngāti-Kahukoka.
These fishing grounds were set aside for Ngāti-Kahukoka.

Kei te waiata mātou.
We are singing.

Ka kōrerotia au.
I am spoken to/about.

Kei te whāia te pōro e ngā tamariki.
The ball is being chased by the children,

E tirohia ana ngā taonga tākaro ki te toa e ngā tamariki.
The toys in the shop are being looked at by the children.

Kua tangohia nā hū e tōnā matua.
His shoes have been removed by his father.

I hokona ngā ika e ia.
The fish were bought by him.

I mahia e ia te wini me ana ringa paruparu.
He mended the window with dirty hands.

I tomokia te pā e ngā toa.
The pā was entered by the warriors.

Ka āwhinatia a Honi e Rangi.
Honi was helped by Rangi.

E kimihia ana he tikanga e ngā āpiha.
A plan is being sought by the officials.

Kua tīkina ngā kākahu horoi e ngā tamariki.
The clean clothes have been fetched by the children.

Auē, kua rakahia te whare? Nā wai i raka te whare? Ehara i a au.
Oh no! Has the house been locked? Who locked the house? It wasn't me.

I pōwhitritia mātou.
We were welcomed.

I te pānuitia te kupu.
The message was being read out.

Ka whāngaitioa ringaringatia hoki a Ruataupare e tētahi tohunga.
Ruataupere was also fed by hand by a tohunga.

Ka tāria te waka e ngā kaiako.
The car will be waited for by the teachers.

Ka kīia te wharepaku e ngā manuhiri.
The bathroom will be used by the guests.

Kua horoia ngā rīhi e ngā tamariki.
The dishes have been washed by the children.

Ka pīrangitia e ia ngā mea katoa.
All the things are wanted by him.

I ahatia koe?
What happened to you?

Kua kohia e ia ētahi waiata tawhito.
Some ancient songs have been collected by him.

Hāponotia tōku hē!
Prove me wrong!

I whakatōkia ngā tipu e te paruauru.
The seedlings were planted by the gardener.

E tahia ana e Kauri te papa.
The floor was swept by Kauri.

Kei te whakaaronga e ia.
It is being thought about by her.

Kua whakapukapukakangia ā tātou kōrero.
Our talk has been turned into a book.

E kainga ana ngā rīwai e te pēpi.
The potatoes are being eaten by the baby.

Kua pānuitia taua pukapuka e au.
That aforementioned book has been read by me.

Kei te kōrerohia a Rangi te pūrākau.
The story is being told by Rangi.

Kua whakapaitia tōu ruma?
Has your room been tidied?

Kua inumia te miraka e te tamaiti.
The milk has been drunk by the child.

Kia kauwhautia atu iana, e ahau, ki a koe.
Let me know recite this to you.

I pōwhitritia mātou e Ngāti Toa.
We were welcomed by Ngāti Toa.

Ka manaakitia te harakeke e au.
The flax will be looked after by me.

Ka haria ngā tamariki e au ki te papa tākaro.
The children will be taken by me to the playground.

Kua whakamāramatia te mahi e te kaiako ki ngā tamariki.
The work has been explained to the children by the teacher.

E kimihia ana te kiore e te ngeru.
The cat is searching for the rat.

I utaina e au ngā kākahu ki roto i te mīhini horoi.
The clothes were loaded into the washing machine by me.

I whakairotia a mua o te whare.
The front of the house was carved.

I aukatingia ahau e te pirihimana.
I was stopped by the police officer.

Ka tukua te kurī e au.
The dog was released by me.

E tapatapahia ana ngā aniana e ia.
The onions are being diced by him.

Kei te kōrertia e au.
It is being spoken by me.

I whiria te tū harakeke e te kuia.
The flax belt was braided by the old woman.

Kāore anō tēnei pānui kia pānuitia e au.
I have not yet read this notice.

Kua haerea te ara ra.
That pathway has been travelled.

I pōkia te rangi e ngā kapua.
They sky was covered over by the clouds.

I hoea te waka e ngā manuhiri ki te motu.
The boat was paddled by the guests to the island.

Ka ahatia koe?
What will happen to you?

I taupokitia te oneone e te paruauru.
The soil was dug by the gardener.

Kua kainga te parāoa e ngā rakiraki.
The bread has been eaten by the ducks.

I whakatikahia te waka hei painga mō te haere.
The car was fixed for the benefit of the trip.

Kua kauhoetia e ia te awa.
She has swum the river.

Ka numia ki te pakitara maui o waho o te whare.
And led him past the outside of the left wall of the house.

I kohia ngā pipi e au.
I gathered the pipi.

Kua waiatatia te waiata e māua.
The song has been sung by us.

Muri iho ka whakaarahia e ia ōna hoa koroheke o roto i te whare ki te mātakitaki ki te ātaahuatanga o tana wahine.
Afterwars, his old cronies in the house were roused by him to gaze at the beauty of his wife.

Kua haria haeretia ngā kōhatu ki te moana.
The stones have been progressively carried to the sea.

I kōhurutia te tangata ki te awa.
The man was murdered at the river.

I arohaina a Aria e Tame.
Aria was loved by Tame.

Ke rāhuitia ēnei tauranga ike mā Ngāti-Kahukoka.
These fishing grounds were set aside for Ngāti-Kahukoka.

Kua tonoa kētia atu ngā pānui e mātou.
The notices have already been sent out by us (3/+ exclusive).

Ka mutu ngā karakia a Te Aotaki ka werohia e ia a Rangipopo.
Te Aotaki finished his incantations and then he invoked Rangipopo.

I runga i te paruone ka mahia e ia he raina mai i te kēti ki te whare ki tana rākau.
He drew a line in the dirt from the gate to the house with his stick.

I kohia ngā pipi e au.
I gathered the pipi.

Whitiwhitia e te rā.
Transformed by the sun.

Ka puhia ia i te manu.
He shot the bird.

I horoia ngā kākahu e au i tērā Rāhoroi.
The clothes were washed by me on Saturday.

E mōhiotia whānuitia ana a Te Puea Hērangi e ngā tāngata Māori o te motu.
Te Puea Hērangi is widely known by Māori people from all over the land.

Kei pāngia ia e te rūmātiki.
He might get rheumatism.

Ka inumia te miraka e koe.
The milk will be drunk by you.

He marama pai a Hōngongoi kia kokotia ngā rōhi.
July is a good month to prune the roses.

Kei te torohia e te kairangahau ngā pukapuka.
The books are being looked at by the researcher.

Kua pānuitia taua pukapuka e au.
I have read that (aforementioned) book.

E kimihia ana he tikanga.
A plan is/was being sought.

Ka patua ia e te tamaiti rahi.
He was hit by the big boy.

E nekehia ana ngā pouaka e ngā tamariki.
The boxes are being moved by the children.

Patua aku kupu!
Prove me wrong!

Kua kōrerotia te tamaiti e tōna kaiako.
The child has been spoken to by his/her teacher.

Ka mihia mātou e te tangata whenua.
We were greeted by the home people.

I mihia ahau.
I was acknowledged.

I whakanohoia ahau i te kāinga.
I was grounded.

Kei te āwhinatia te hoa e au.
The friend is being helped by me.

E whāngaihia ana ngā kurī e Hēmi.
The dogs are being fed by Hēmi.

I wepua e mātou.
We thrashed them.

Ka nōhia ngā tūru.
The chairs will be sat on.

Kua kimihia tāna waea pūkoro i ngā wāhi katoa.
His cell phone has been searched for everywhere.

Ka whākina koe.
I am going to tell on you.

Kei te kitea te kōtiro e tōna māmā.
The girl is being seen by her mother.

Horoia e te ua
Washed by the rain

Kei te waiatahia mātou.
We are being sung about.

E whitia ana au e te rā.
I am being shone on by the sun.

I titoa te waiata nei e Jeff Simmonds.
This song was composed by Jeff Simmonds.

I utaina e au ngā kākahu ki roto i te mīhini horoi.
The clothes were loaded into the washing machine by me.

E kōrerotia ana te karakia e te wahine.
The prayer is being spoken by the woman.

Kua haria ngā pouaka e au.
The boxes have been carried by me.

E whakamākūtia ana ngā kākahu e te ua.
The clothes are being drenched by the rain.

Kua ahatia koe?
What has happened to you?

Mā te kōrerotia i ngā wā katoa e ora ai te reo.
It is through being spoken all the time that the language will survive.

I whāngaihia te tamaiti e tana kuia.
The child was adopted by his grandmother.

Kua tāria koe e au.
You have been waited for by me.

Kua whāngaia te ngeru e a Rangi.
The cat was fed by Rangi.

Mahia ai tēnei mahi i ngā rā omua.
This work was carried out in former times.

Ka tohia te āporo e Mere.
The apple will be picked by Mere.

Ka hangaia te whare e au.
The house is built by me.

Kei te whitia au e te rā.
I am being shone on by the sun.

I pātaitia au.
I was questioned.

Ka pōwhiritia te manuhiri e te tangata whenua.
The visitors will be welcomed by the local people.